Viet Nam: History
The beginnings:
Paleolithic: human presence (500,000-300,000 B.C)
Hoa Binh and Bac Son Neolithic culture (about 10,000 years ago)
The different ethnic groups now forming the population of Vietnam belong to the group of Southern Mongolians crossing with the autochthonous Austral-Negroid group.
One of these ethnic groups was the Viet (living South of the Yangtse). Among them those who resisted Chinese assimilation became the Vietnamese (Vietnam = Viet ethnic group; Nam = South)
Bronze Age: The Hung Kings of the Lac Viet tribes-Dong Son civilization (1st millennium B.C)
Iron Age (3rd Cent.B.C.)-Kinh An Duong of the Au Viet tribes.
1,000 years of Chinese domination:
189 BC: Annexation by the Chinese Empire( Trieu Da)
40-43: Insurrection led by the Trung Sisters
544: Ly Nam De's insurrection.
Many unsuccessful uprisings.
900 years of independence:
939: Bach Dang Victory over the Chinese (by Ngo Quyen). Independent Vietnam.
939-968: Ngo dynasty
968-980: Dinh Dynasty, (Dinh Tien Hoang)
980-1009: Le dynasty, (Le Hoan)
1009-1225: Ly dynasty- Thang Long (Ha Noi) became capitol of the country (1010). Victory over the Chinese Sung invaders (1075)
1225-1400: Tran Dynasty: Victorious resistance against the Sino-Mongolian Yuan: 1257, 1288(2nd Bach Dang victory in 1288). The Ly and Tran dynasties promoted a brilliant culture know as Thang Long culture.
1400-1407: Ho dynasty
1407-1427: Invasion and occupation by the Chinese (Ming): National liberation war led by Le Loi and Nguyen Trai (1418-1427)
1427-1786:Le dynasty: Mid-15th Century: apogee of the feudal monarchy. Crisis by the end of the century.
16th Century: The illegitimate Mac dynasty (Mac Dang Dung) 1527-1591.
17th-18th Century: Rivalry between the Trinh Lords (North) and the Nguyen Lords (South). Secession.
18th Century: Crisis of feudalism. Great peasant surrections (Victory of the Tay Son movement headed by Nguyen Hue who defeated the Siamese (1785) and the Chinese ching (1789) invaders.
1785-1802: Tay Son dynasty.
1802-1945: Nguyen dynasty:
Nguyen Phuc Anh (1802-1819) / Nguyen Phuc Dam (1820-1840) / Nguyen Mien Tong (1841-1847) / Nguyen Hong Nhiem (1848-1883) / Nguyen Ung Chan (1883) (Only 3 days) / Nguyen Hong Dat (1883) (Only 6 months) / Nguyen Ung Dang (1883-1884) / Nguyen Ung Lich (1884-1885) / Nguyen Ung Xuy (1886-1888) / Nguyen Buu Lan (1889-1907) / Nguyen Vinh San (1907-1916)/ Nguyen Buu Dao (1916-1925) / Nguyen Vinh Thuy (1926-1945).
Period: 1802 - 1945 (143 years, 13 reigns)
Reign's Titles: Gia Long / Minh Mang / Thieu Tri / Tu Duc / Dzuc Duc / Hiep Hoa / Kien Phuc / Ham Nghi / Dong Khanh / Thanh Thai / Dzuy Tan / Khai Dinh / Bao Dai .
Country's Name: Viet Nam (1802 - 1919), Dai Nam (1820 -1945)
Capital: Hue
[ Back ] [ Next ]